1. What is an Empirical Formula? Definition: The simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound. Example: The empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is HO. 2. What is a Molecular Formula? Definition: The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. Difference between molecular and empirical formulas. Example: Hydrogen peroxide has a molecular formula of H₂O₂, which is a multiple of its empirical formula, HO. 3. Steps to Determine Empirical Formulas Step 1: Convert mass percentages to grams. Step 2: Convert grams to moles for each element using atomic masses. Step 3: Divide each mole value by the smallest mole value. Step 4: If necessary, multiply ratios to get whole numbers. Example: Explanation of the “assume 100 g sample” approach when working with percentages. 4. Example Calculation: Empirical Formula of Lead Chloride Given: 0.6884 g of lead (Pb) and 0.2356 g of chlorine (Cl). Steps: Convert grams to moles: 0.6884 g Pb × 1 mol 207.2 g = 0.003322...